Saturday 27 April 2024

Two, One Day Field Courses in June, with Nick Chidlaw

 Two, One Day Field Courses in June, with Nick Chidlaw

Nick Chidlaw is proposing two Field Course in June which sound rather interesting. Nick gives the details below.

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I am offering two 1-day field courses to be run in June, if there is sufficient interest and enrolments to make them viable. 

These courses are independent of one-another  - you can enrol on either or both, according to your interest and availability. 

The courses are being offered on the same weekend: some people who live a substantial distance away may be interested in both courses and this would make attending them more workable. 

Hope you find these proposals of interest, and to hear from you soon.

Nick Chidlaw 
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Title:  IMPROVED EXPOSURES AT KEY SITES WITHIN THE LATE PRECAMBRIAN MALVERNS COMPLEX

Saturday 22nd June  10.00 am - 5.00 pm

In the south west English Midlands the main ridge of the Malvern Hills forms a dramatic feature, particularly when viewed from the much lower country to the east. The main ridge is orientated north-south, narrow, and about 8 miles long; it reaches 425m above sea level; lower parts of the Hills lie to the west. 

The types of rocks and their age here are (un)usual (my correction) for southern Britain. Most of the main ridge is composed of rocks formed late in Precambrian times, between c. 680 - 670 million years ago, during the Cryogenian period. These rocks are referred to collectively as the Malverns Complex, and they comprise an almost bewildering variety of metamorphic types, colourfully-patterned, and exposed in numerous old quarry workings and natural crags. They have drawn the interest of geologists for generations. The Malverns Complex is understood to have formed during a tectonic plate collision, and when the southern British crust was located in the southern hemisphere about 60 degrees from the equator; the climate was cold and the plate collision zone likely had numerous snow- and ice-covered active volcanoes. The Complex itself was formed far below in the depths of the crust, where a succession of magmas were forming, cooling and crystallising, and becoming altered by continuing episodes of plate compression.  These rocks were subsequently uplifted and their overlying rocks eroded away, exposing them on the present land surface.

The Hereford & Worcester Earth Heritage Trust has for many years operated to record, conserve and promote the geology of the county. Recently, it has undertaken clearance of vegetation and pressure-cleaning of a number of key exposures in the Malverns Complex, in order for the rocks to be better studied and understood, at all levels of education.. This proposed course looks at some of these exposures, while the clearance work remains at its best.         

No prior geological knowledge or of the study area would be assumed. 

Tuition fee: £32.00

Contact tutor Dr Nick Chidlaw nickchidlaw@gmail.com to enrol and for any queries. 

Deadline for course viability: Friday 10th May. If the course has become viable (minimum 10 enrolments) by this date, enrolments will be able to continue until 1 week (Saturday 15th June) before the course runs.  


Image: part of Dingle Quarry in the Malvern Hills. The rock faces have recently been cleared of vegetation and exposures improved. The rocks include sheets of mafic and felsic igneous rocks within a diorite host, shearing is evident.  

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Title: STUDY THE NEW RED DESERT 

Sunday 23rd June 10.00 am - 5.00 pm. The course includes an exposure dependent on tides; the date and times have been chosen to include safe access.   

This course looks at locations in the NW of Gloucestershire where can be found strata that are part of the 'New Red Sandstone Supergroup'; they were deposited in a variety of environments under a tropical arid climate during the Permian and Triassic periods between c. 300 - 200 million years ago, when Britain lay just N of the equator. We look at exposures of rocks interpreted as being laid down as desert dunes, in seasonal braided rivers and lakes, in estuaries and on coastlines. Reference is made to alluvial fan deposits (not included in the itinerary due to accessibility problems) also present in the area. Marine incursions into this desert environment were initially absent, but became  increasingly common over time.  

No prior geological knowledge or of the study area would be assumed. 

Tuition fee: £32.00

Contact tutor Dr Nick Chidlaw nickchidlaw@gmail.com to enrol and for any queries. 

Deadline for course viability: Friday 10th May. If the course has become viable (minimum 10 enrolments) by this date, enrolments will be able to continue until 1 week (Sunday 16th June) before the course runs.  


Image: part of the cliff of the River Leadon near the village of Red Marley D'Abitot, exposing fluviatile deposits of the Helsby Sandstone Formation (Early / Middle Triassic). 
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Saturday 6 April 2024

Mike Benton Lecture

 Mike Benton Lecture

A few weeks ago Mike Benton gave a lecture to Bristol university alumni. My wife is a Bristol graduate so we watched it and it was very good. Suitable for people of all ages. It is linked to his recent book "The Dinosaurs Rediscovered" and covers the latest scientific advances on dinosaurs.

You can see it HERE and below.


Wednesday 3 April 2024

Curling Stones

Curling Stones 

A correspondent brought this story to my attention - thank you.



Despite what the man says, it is a microgranite and unusually contains riebeckite and arfvedsonite. The composition and small grain size lead to the curling stone not being prone to chipping. You can read more about the rock HERE.

Down to Earth Extra April 2024

 Down to Earth Extra April 2024

The April 2024 edition of Down to Earth Extra has been published. You can download it HERE or you can read it below.


Saturday 23 March 2024

How Did Duckbill Dinosaurs Get to Morocco?

How Did Duckbill Dinosaurs Get to Morocco? 

I came across THIS ARTICLE and found it intriguing. Duckbilled dinosaurs are a North American family and they live on land. You can't walk from North America to Morocco. They developed long after the break up of Pangea

North American duckbills are large, the earliest Moroccan ones are small, but they got bigger later. (Geology speak here: later means millennia.)

There are duckbills in Europe, the article does not discuss how they got there. But you could not walk from Europe to Africa at that time - the distance was greater then than now. Tethys was much wider than todays Mediterranean.

So how did they get to Morocco? We do not know how, but they did; the author says that it must be by some extraordinary means. Floating, rafting, swimming are discussed in the article and the author goes on to suggest that freak events, although rare, can have major effects.

Amazing to think what finding a bone can can lead to!


Distribution of duckbill dinosaurs in North Africa and Europe. Nick Longrich

Saturday 16 March 2024

Anthropocene - the Ongoing Story

 Anthropocene - the Ongoing Story

The Anthropocene Working Group recently decided not to recognise the existence of the Anthropocene - much to the disgust of some members of the group - see HERE.

If the Anthropocene had been recognised it would have marked the end of the Holocene, the current geological epoch, which began 11,700 years ago at the end of the Younger Dryas. There has been much discussion about when the putative Anthropocene would be deemed to start. I had a strange wish to straddle two Geological Epochs! 

The wish for the new epoch has a great deal to do with environmental concerns. Perhaps it should be considered an Event rather than Epoch, similar to the Great Oxygenation Event of the Proterozoic, the Snowball Earth Events and the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. 

And as THIS ARTICLE suggests, global warming has been caused by a small number of people rather than humanity as a whole and would be better named Plutocracene!

Tuesday 5 March 2024

Earliest Forest in the World in Devon and Somerset

 Earliest Forest in the World in Devon and Somerset

A correspondent sent me the link to THIS ARTICLE, for which I am very grateful. The article is based on THIS PAPER. The papers concern newly discovered fossil trees found in Middle Devonian sandstones in the Hangman Sandstone Formation which is of Eifelian age (393 - 387 million years).

Not only were fossilised trees found but also forests. The trees are of an extinct species related to ferns and horsetails - the cladoxylopsids, which look rather like palm trees - long stem (2 - 4m) with "leaves" like palm fronds at the top. (Here "leaves" means lots of twiglets.)

There are older trees to be found but this is the oldest forest. And it marks the time when vegetation had a significant impact on sedimentation, changing the way the non-marine surface of the earth looked. 


The Hangman Sandstone Formation



The tree trunks are preserved mostly as impressions. The most abundant forms show a three-dimensional surface, consisting of longitudinal strips of slightly raised smooth matrix alternating with slightly lower relief strips in which short transverse depressions are closely arranged (A - D). (See pages 12 and 13 of the academic paper)